This research report by the Drinking Water Inspectorate provides a comprehensive review of microbial indicators used to detect faecal contamination in drinking water. The publication examines the effectiveness, limitations, and practical application of commonly used indicators, assessing how well they reflect the presence of pathogens and risks to public health.

The report also explores emerging indicators and monitoring approaches, highlighting considerations for regulation, water quality management, and risk-based frameworks. Overall, it offers valuable insights for regulators, utilities, laboratories, and researchers working to strengthen drinking water safety and protect public health.